Computer Science/IT MCQs
Topic Notes: Computer Science/IT
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
61
A developer needs an environment to build, deploy, and manage web applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. Which service model fits best?
Answer:
PaaS.
PaaS provides a complete platform for developing, running, and managing applications. It includes operating systems, execution environments, databases, and web servers, abstracting the infrastructure details from the developer.
62
What is the primary concern addressed by 'measured service' in cloud computing?
Answer:
Billing transparency and resource utilization tracking.
Measured service refers to the ability to monitor, control, and report on resource usage, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer and enabling pay-per-use billing models.
63
Which term refers to the practice of designing applications to run on distributed systems, leveraging horizontal scaling and resilience features of cloud platforms?
Answer:
Cloud-native development.
Cloud-native development is an approach to building and running applications that fully leverage the advantages of the cloud computing delivery model. It focuses on using microservices, containers, serverless functions, and CI/CD for rapid iteration and scalability.
64
What is the main purpose of a Service Level Agreement (SLA) in cloud computing?
Answer:
To guarantee a certain level of service and availability from the cloud provider.
An SLA is a contract between a cloud provider and a customer that specifies the level of service expected from the provider, outlining metrics like uptime, data transfer speeds, and response times, and often includes penalties for non-compliance.
65
Which of the following is a 'Distance-Vector' routing protocol?
Answer:
RIP
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a classic distance-vector protocol. It works by having each router share its entire routing table with its immediate neighbors at regular intervals. Routers use the Bellman-Ford algorithm to calculate the best path based on the hop count.
66
What is the primary difference between IPv4 and IPv6 header structures regarding fragmentation?
Answer:
IPv4 allows routers to fragment packets, whereas in IPv6, fragmentation is performed only by the source host.
In IPv4, intermediate routers can fragment packets if they exceed the MTU of the next link. In IPv6, routers are not allowed to fragment packets; they simply drop the packet and send an ICMPv6 'Packet Too Big' message back to the source. The source host is then responsible for performing Path MTU Discovery and fragmenting the data using an Extension Header if necessary.
67
What is the purpose of 'Subnetting'?
Answer:
To divide a large network into smaller, more manageable logical segments.
Subnetting allows a network administrator to divide a single large block of IP addresses (like a Class B network) into several smaller networks. This helps reduce broadcast traffic, improves security by isolating network segments, and allows for more efficient use of the assigned IP address space.
68
What is the 'Diameter' of a network in graph theory terms?
Answer:
The maximum number of edges on the shortest path between any two nodes.
In network topology analysis, the diameter is the longest of all shortest paths between any two nodes. A smaller diameter generally implies that the network can communicate more efficiently, as the 'worst-case' distance between any two points is minimized.
69
Which of the following describes the 'Silly Window Syndrome' in TCP?
Answer:
Small increments in window space lead to the transmission of very small data segments.
Silly Window Syndrome occurs when either the sender or the receiver forces the transmission of very small segments (e.g., 1 byte of data in a 40-byte header). This is highly inefficient. It is usually mitigated by Nagle's algorithm on the sender side and Clark's solution on the receiver side, which prevents the receiver from advertising a tiny window.
70
Which mechanism is used in HTTP/2 to allow the server to send resources to the client before the client requests them?
Answer:
Server Push
HTTP/2 Server Push allows a server to speculatively send resources (like CSS or JavaScript files) that it anticipates the client will need. This reduces the number of round trips required to render a page, as the client doesn't have to wait to parse the HTML before requesting secondary assets.