A cartogram is a specialized map in which the geometry of regions is distorted in order to convey the information of an alternate variable, such as population or economic output. It is a powerful tool in spatial statistics and data visualization for representing geographic data effectively.

Ideographs, often used in infographics to represent data through icons or symbols, are widely known as pictograms. These visual tools help make statistical data more accessible and understandable to a general audience by using representative images to denote quantities.

In statistical visualization, diagrams are categorized by their dimensions. One-dimensional diagrams, such as bar charts, represent data using only length. Two-dimensional diagrams, such as squares, circles, and rectangles, represent data using both length and width (area). These are often used to illustrate the relative sizes of different components within a total, as the area of the shape is proportional to the value it represents.

Basic statistical graphs, such as line charts or bar charts, rely on straight lines to connect data points or define boundaries. While advanced visualizations may incorporate curves for trend fitting or smoothing, the fundamental geometric representation in standard graphing techniques is the straight line, which provides a clear and unambiguous path between coordinate points.