British India & The Freedom Movement
· Pakistan Studies/Affairs
49 MCQs
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of 49 MCQs
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1
Which treaty ended the First Anglo-Maratha War in 1782?
Answer:
Treaty of Salbai
The Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782 between the Marathas and the British East India Company. It ended the First Anglo-Maratha War and secured a period of peace between the two powers for 20 years.
2
Who was the Maratha Peshwa during the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761?
Answer:
Balaji Baji Rao
Balaji Baji Rao (also known as Nana Saheb) was the Peshwa during the Third Battle of Panipat (1761). The Maratha defeat in this battle was a massive shock to him, leading to his death shortly after.
3
The 'Treaty of Bassein' (1802) was signed between the British and which Peshwa?
Answer:
Baji Rao II
The Treaty of Bassein was a pact signed on December 31, 1802, between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II. It marked a decisive step in the British establishing suzerainty over the Marathas as the Peshwa accepted the Subsidiary Alliance.
4
Who was known as the 'Machiavelli of the Marathas'?
Answer:
Nana Phadnavis
Nana Phadnavis was an influential minister and statesman of the Maratha Empire. European observers called him the 'Maratha Machiavelli' due to his astute political skills and diplomacy in keeping the Maratha Confederacy united against the British.
5
Which British Governor-General was responsible for the Third Anglo-Maratha War?
Answer:
Lord Hastings
Lord Hastings (Governor-General from 1813 to 1823) led the British forces in the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818), which resulted in the final defeat of the Marathas and the abolition of the Peshwaship.
6
The Maratha chief 'Scindia' had his capital at __________.
Answer:
Gwalior
The Scindia (Shinde) dynasty ruled from Gwalior. The other major Maratha capitals were Indore (Holkar), Nagpur (Bhonsle), Baroda (Gaekwad), and Pune (Peshwa).
7
What was the primary function of the 'Chauth' tax collected by Marathas?
Answer:
25% tax to avoid Maratha raids
Chauth was a tax or tribute levied by the Marathas on lands outside their direct domain. It amounted to one-fourth (25%) of the revenue and was essentially a protection money paid to avoid Maratha raids.
8
Which battle in 1803 was a decisive victory for Arthur Wellesley against the Marathas?
Answer:
Battle of Assaye
The Battle of Assaye (September 23, 1803) was a major battle in the Second Anglo-Maratha War where Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) defeated the combined forces of the Scindia and Bhonsle.
9
After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, where was Peshwa Baji Rao II exiled to?
Answer:
Bithur
Following his defeat in the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818, the Peshwaship was abolished. Baji Rao II was pensioned off and sent to Bithur, near Kanpur.
10
Who was the founder of the Maratha Empire?
Answer:
Shivaji
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1630–1680) founded the Maratha Empire, carving out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur and establishing a Hindavi Swarajya (self-rule).
11
Which treaty ended the Second Anglo-Maratha War with the Holkars in 1805?
Answer:
Treaty of Rajghat
The Treaty of Rajghat was signed in December 1805 between the British and Yashwantrao Holkar, concluding the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
12
In the Maratha administration, what was the role of the 'Nyayadhish'?
Answer:
Chief Justice
In Shivaji's Ashtapradhan (Council of Eight Ministers), the Nyayadhish was responsible for justice, civil and criminal jurisdiction, and interpretation of laws.
13
The 'Sardeshmukhi' was an additional levy of what percentage?
Answer:
10%
Sardeshmukhi was an additional 10% levy on top of the Chauth. It was claimed by the Maratha King as the hereditary Sardeshmukh (Chief Headman) of the region.
14
Which Maratha leader helped the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II regain his throne in Delhi in 1771?
Answer:
Mahadji Scindia
Mahadji Scindia was a powerful Maratha ruler of Gwalior who resurrected Maratha power in North India after the Panipat disaster and escorted Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II back to Delhi in 1771.
15
The First Anglo-Maratha War was triggered by the British signing the Treaty of Surat with whom?
Answer:
Raghunath Rao
Raghunath Rao, seeking to become Peshwa, signed the Treaty of Surat (1775) with the British in Bombay, ceding territories like Salsette and Bassein in exchange for military support, which triggered the war.
16
Which Maratha family ruled from Baroda?
Answer:
Gaekwad
The Gaekwads were the Maratha rulers of Baroda (now Vadodara) in Gujarat. The Pilaji Rao Gaekwad established the dynasty.
17
Who was the first Peshwa to make the position hereditary?
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath
Balaji Vishwanath was appointed Peshwa in 1713 by Chhatrapati Shahu. His success in stabilizing the empire led to the post becoming hereditary in his family.
18
The Battle of Palkhed (1728) was fought between Baji Rao I and __________.
Answer:
Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad
The Battle of Palkhed is considered a masterpiece of strategic mobility where Baji Rao I defeated the Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad, forcing him to recognize Shahu as the Maratha King.
19
The British Governor-General during the First Anglo-Maratha War was __________.
Answer:
Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal during the First Anglo-Maratha War. He disapproved of the Treaty of Surat initially but eventually managed the war's conclusion via the Treaty of Salbai.
20
The Treaty of Deogaon (1803) was signed between the British and the __________.
Answer:
Bhonsles of Nagpur
Following the defeat at the Battle of Argaon, Raghuji Bhonsle II of Nagpur signed the Treaty of Deogaon with the British, ceding Cuttack and accepting a British resident.
