**Rule**: For an interrogative sentence in the Present Continuous Tense starting with 'What', the passive structure is **What + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + subject?**
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The 'Wh-' word 'What' remains at the beginning and acts as the subject. The passive verb form 'is being cooked' is correct for the Present Continuous Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
2
What have they decided?
Answer:
What has been decided by them?
**Rule**: For an interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect Tense starting with 'What', the passive structure is **What + has/have + been + V3 + by + subject?**
- **Correct Answer (c)**: 'What' remains at the beginning and acts as the subject. The passive verb form 'has been decided' is correct for the Present Perfect Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Perfect.
3
Why is she ignoring you?
Answer:
Why are you being ignored by her?
**Rule**: For an interrogative sentence in the Present Continuous Tense starting with a 'Wh-' word, the passive structure is **Wh- word + is/am/are + object + being + V3 + by + subject?**
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The 'Wh-' word 'Why' remains at the beginning. The new subject 'you' takes the verb 'are', followed by 'being' and the past participle 'ignored'.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This has incorrect word order for a question; the auxiliary verb 'are' should come before the subject 'you'.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
4
The teacher is explaining the lesson to the students.
Answer:
The lesson is being explained to the students by the teacher.
**Rule**: For a Present Continuous Tense sentence, the passive structure is **Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The direct object 'the lesson' becomes the subject. The passive verb 'is being explained' is correct, and the indirect object is expressed through the prepositional phrase 'to the students'.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This structure, where the indirect object becomes the subject, is grammatically incorrect with the verb 'explain'. You cannot 'explain a person'.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
5
We saw the airplane flying over the hill.
Answer:
The airplane was seen flying over the hill.
**Rule**: When verbs of perception (like see, hear, watch) are followed by a present participle (-ing form) in the active voice, the passive form retains the present participle. The structure is **Object + was/were + V3 + present participle**.
- **Correct Answer (b)**: The object 'the airplane' becomes the subject. The verb 'were seen' is the correct passive form for the Simple Past. The present participle 'flying' remains unchanged.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: Using a 'to'-infinitive ('to fly') would be correct if the active sentence used a bare infinitive ('saw the airplane fly').
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: A bare infinitive ('fly') is incorrect in the passive construction.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Perfect.
6
She will have to manage the team.
Answer:
The team will have to be managed by her.
**Rule**: When the active sentence uses 'will have to', the passive form is **Object + will have to + be + V3**.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: The object 'the team' becomes the subject. The structure 'will have to be managed' is the correct passive form for the future necessity.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: 'will have been managed' is the passive of the Future Perfect Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'would' is an incorrect modal change.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This omits 'have to', changing the meaning to a simple future action.
7
I remember the doctor advising me to rest.
Answer:
I remember being advised to rest by the doctor.
**Rule**: When the active sentence has a verb (like 'remember') followed by a gerund phrase as its object, the passive form uses a passive gerund: **being + V3**.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The active gerund phrase 'the doctor advising me' is changed to the passive gerund phrase 'being advised'. The rest of the sentence is structured correctly.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'to be advised' is an infinitive, not a gerund, and is incorrect after 'remember' in this context.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This changes the structure to a subordinate clause, which is a different construction.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This changes the meaning and structure illogically.
8
You must not use your phone in the library.
Answer:
Your phone must not be used in the library.
**Rule**: For sentences with modal verbs (like must), the passive structure is **Object + modal verb + not + be + V3**. The agent 'by you' is omitted.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'Your phone' becomes the subject. The modal 'must not' is followed by 'be' and the past participle 'used'. The agent 'by you' is correctly omitted as it is a general rule.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'should' is a different modal, implying advice rather than the strong prohibition of 'must'.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This is a grammatically awkward and unnatural construction.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: 'must not have been' is the passive form for a past modal, which changes the tense.
9
You will have to finish the work soon.
Answer:
The work will have to be finished soon.
**Rule**: When the active sentence uses 'will have to', the passive form is **Object + will have to + be + V3**. The agent 'by you' is omitted.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'the work' becomes the subject. The structure 'will have to be finished' is the correct passive form. The agent 'by you' is correctly omitted.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'would' is an incorrect modal change.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This omits 'have to', changing the meaning.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This is the passive of the Future Perfect Tense.
10
What have you done?
Answer:
What has been done by you?
**Rule**: For interrogative sentences in the Present Perfect Tense starting with 'What', the passive structure is **What + has/have + been + V3 + by + subject?**
- **Correct Answer (b)**: The 'Wh-' word 'What' remains at the beginning and acts as the subject of the passive sentence. The verb 'has been done' is the correct singular passive form for the Present Perfect Tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Perfect.
11
Do not pluck the flowers.
Answer:
Let the flowers not be plucked.
**Rule**: Negative imperative sentences (commands) are commonly changed to passive voice using the structure **Let + object + not + be + V3**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: This option correctly applies the 'Let' structure for a negative command. 'the flowers' is the object, followed by 'not be' and the past participle 'plucked'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This structure ('are not to be') implies a rule or arrangement, which is slightly different from a direct command.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'Forbidden from' is an incorrect prepositional combination; 'forbidden to' would be correct, but 'Let' is a more direct passive form.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: 'Must' introduces a strong sense of obligation, changing the tone from a simple command.
12
The company has to increase its sales.
Answer:
Sales have to be increased by the company.
**Rule**: When the active sentence uses 'has to' or 'have to', the passive form is **Object + has/have to + be + V3**. The choice between 'has' and 'have' depends on the new subject.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'its sales' becomes the subject 'Sales'. Since 'Sales' is plural, it takes 'have to be', followed by the past participle 'increased'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: 'has' is incorrect because the new subject 'Sales' is plural.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'have been increased' is the passive of the Present Perfect Tense ('have increased'), not 'have to increase'.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to the future.
13
The professor had already graded the exams.
Answer:
The exams had already been graded by the professor.
**Rule**: For a Past Perfect Tense sentence, the passive voice structure is **Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject**. Adverbs like 'already' are typically placed between 'had' and 'been'.
- **Correct Answer (a)**: The object 'the exams' becomes the subject. The verb form 'had already been graded' is the correct passive construction.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: While grammatically intelligible, placing the adverb 'already' after 'graded' is less standard than placing it before 'been'.
14
He might have forgotten the appointment.
Answer:
The appointment might have been forgotten by him.
**Rule**: For sentences with past modals (modal + have + V3), the passive structure is **Object + modal + have been + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (b)**: The object 'the appointment' becomes the subject. The past modal passive form 'might have been forgotten' is the correct construction.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: 'might be forgotten' is the passive form for a present modal ('might forget').
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: Using 'must' changes the meaning from possibility to a strong deduction.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the structure to a simple past passive.
15
Don't make promises you can't keep.
Answer:
All of the above.
**Rule**: A negative imperative sentence that gives advice can be converted to passive voice in several ways.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: All the options are valid passive constructions for the given imperative sentence.
- (a) **'Promises you can't keep should not be made'** uses the modal 'should' to convey the advice.
- (b) **'Let promises you can't keep not be made'** uses the 'Let' structure for negative commands/advice.
- (c) **'You are advised not to make promises you can't keep'** explicitly states that the sentence is advice.
Since all three are correct and appropriate, 'All of the above' is the best answer.
16
Who is knocking at the door?
Answer:
By whom is the door being knocked at?
**Rule**: For an interrogative Present Continuous sentence with a phrasal verb starting with 'Who', the passive structure is **By whom + is/am/are + object + being + V3 + preposition?**
- **Correct Answer (a)**: 'Who' becomes 'By whom'. The object 'the door' is singular, so 'is' is used. This is followed by the object, 'being', the past participle 'knocked', and the preposition 'at' is correctly retained.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Past Continuous.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: 'who' is the incorrect case; 'whom' is required after the preposition 'By'.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
17
The loud music is disturbing the neighbors.
Answer:
The neighbors are being disturbed by the loud music.
**Rule**: For a Present Continuous Tense sentence, the passive structure is **Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (d)**: The object 'the neighbors' becomes the subject. Since 'neighbors' is plural, 'are' is used, followed by 'being' and the past participle 'disturbed'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Present.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
18
Who taught you how to swim?
Answer:
By whom were you taught how to swim?
**Rule**: Interrogative sentences in the Simple Past Tense starting with 'Who' are converted to passive voice using **By whom + was/were + object + V3?**
- **Correct Answer (c)**: 'Who' becomes 'By whom'. The object 'you' becomes the subject, which takes the plural verb 'were', followed by the past participle 'taught'. The infinitive phrase 'how to swim' remains.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: 'was' is incorrect with the pronoun 'you'.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: 'who' is the incorrect case; 'whom' is required after the preposition 'By'.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This word order is awkward and not standard for this type of question.
19
They were not taking the matter seriously.
Answer:
The matter was not being taken seriously by them.
**Rule**: For a negative sentence in the Past Continuous Tense, the passive voice structure is **Object + was/were + not + being + V3 + by + Subject**.
- **Correct Answer (c)**: The object 'the matter' becomes the subject. The passive verb form 'was not being taken' correctly reflects the negative Past Continuous tense.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (b)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This incorrectly changes the tense to Present Continuous.
20
They were not making any progress.
Answer:
No progress was being made by them.
**Rule**: For a negative sentence in the Past Continuous Tense, the passive structure is **Object + was/were + not + being + V3**. A common alternative is to make the object positive and use 'No' instead of 'not any'.
- **Correct Answer (b)**: The phrase 'not any progress' is converted to 'No progress', which becomes the subject. The verb form 'was being made' is the correct passive for the Past Continuous. This structure is more natural than 'Any progress was not being made'.
- **Incorrect Answer (a)**: This changes the tense to Simple Past.
- **Incorrect Answer (c)**: This changes the tense to Present Perfect.
- **Incorrect Answer (d)**: This is grammatically possible but less idiomatic than using 'No progress' as the subject.
