FPSC (Federal Public Service Commission) · CSS (Central Superior Services)
Zia regime (1977-88)
Zia-ul-Haq Military Regime (1977–1988)
· Pakistan Studies/Affairs
44 MCQs
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1
The third martial law was imposed in Pakistan on:
Answer:
5 July 1977
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq imposed the third martial law in Pakistan on July 5, 1977, following a period of intense political unrest and protests by the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) against the alleged rigging of the March 1977 general elections by the PPP government.
2
The person who filed the writ petition in the Supreme Court against the decision of Zia's taking over the Government was:
Answer:
Mrs. Nusrat Bhutto
Begum Nusrat Bhutto filed a constitutional petition in the Supreme Court challenging the detention of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the legality of the military takeover. This case became the legal battleground for the 'Doctrine of Necessity' in Pakistan's judicial history.
3
The Supreme Court declared Zia's action as the 'necessity of time' and his government as de facto on:
Answer:
10th November 1977
On November 10, 1977, the Supreme Court of Pakistan issued its verdict in the Nusrat Bhutto case, validating General Zia-ul-Haq's coup under the 'Doctrine of Necessity.' The court ruled that the intervention was justified due to the political breakdown following the 1977 elections.
4
The total duration of General Zia-ul-Haq's military regime was:
Answer:
1977-1988
General Zia-ul-Haq's rule spanned from July 1977, when he deposed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, until his death in a plane crash in August 1988. This eleven-year period remains the longest single military regime in the history of Pakistan.
5
The Provisional Constitution Order (PCO), which established the legal setup under Zia's martial law, was issued in:
Answer:
March, 1981
General Zia-ul-Haq issued the Provisional Constitution Order (PCO) in March 1981 to replace the 1973 Constitution's standard operation. It required judges to take a new oath of office, which led to the resignation or dismissal of several superior court judges who refused to comply.
6
According to the Provisional Constitution Order (PCO) of 1981:
Answer:
Representative institutions will be established in accordance with Islamic laws
The PCO of 1981 aimed to provide a legal framework for the military regime and emphasized the establishment of representative institutions that aligned with Islamic principles, further advancing Zia's Islamization program in the country's governance.
7
Zia banned all activities of political parties under PCO 1981; they could only perform activities with the consent of the:
Answer:
President
Under the 1981 PCO, the President was granted absolute authority over the regulation of political parties. Zia-ul-Haq, acting as President, utilized this power to suppress political opposition and ensure that only cooperative elements could function within the state.
8
During the Zia regime, parties eligible for election were required to be registered with the Election Commission by 11 October 1979 under which law?
Answer:
Martial Law Regulation
General Zia used Martial Law Regulations to mandate the registration of political parties. This was a strategy to filter out parties that were deemed 'anti-state' or un-Islamic, effectively targeting the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and its allies.
9
During the Zia era, the person who had the ultimate authority to ban a political party was the:
Answer:
President
General Zia-ul-Haq, as President and Chief Martial Law Administrator, held the definitive authority to dissolve or ban any political party. This centralization of power was characteristic of his efforts to reshape the political landscape of Pakistan without traditional party interference.
10
Presidential Order No. 15 of 1981, issued on 24 December 1981, nominated the members of the:
Answer:
Majlis-e-Shoora (Federal Council)
Presidential Order No. 15 of 1981 established the Majlis-e-Shoora (Federal Council). This was a nominated body of individuals intended to act as an interim legislature and provide an Islamic consultative forum until general elections could be held.
11
The number of members in the Majlis-e-Shoora that was formally established in early 1982 was:
Answer:
350
The Majlis-e-Shoora initially comprised 350 members nominated by President Zia-ul-Haq. The council included scholars, professionals, and religious leaders, serving as a non-elected parliamentary body during the peak years of martial law.
12
General Zia announced his plan for the transition of power from military to civilian rule in an address to the Majlis-e-Shoora on:
Answer:
12 August, 1983
On August 12, 1983, General Zia-ul-Haq unveiled a roadmap for the restoration of democracy. He promised to hold general elections by March 1985 and outlined a system that would transition the country from military control to a civilian-led government under a modified constitution.
13
The head of the special commission formed by Zia-ul-Haq for an Islamic democratic system was a well-reputed scholar named:
Answer:
Maulana Zafar Ahmad Ansari
Maulana Zafar Ahmad Ansari headed the Ansari Commission, which was tasked with proposing a political system that aligned with Islamic values. The commission's recommendations heavily influenced the non-party basis of the 1985 elections.
14
The amendments to the 1973 Constitution were announced by the Zia government according to:
Answer:
Presidential Order No. 14 of 1985
Presidential Order No. 14 of 1985, also known as the Revival of the Constitution of 1973 Order (RCO), introduced substantial changes. These amendments sought to empower the President and were later incorporated into the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution.
15
One of the following is true regarding Presidential Order (PO) No. 14 of 1985:
Answer:
All of these
PO No. 14 of 1985 provided a comprehensive framework for the upcoming elections and the future governance of Pakistan. It emphasized adult suffrage, clarified the military's constitutional standing, and proposed a National Security Council to oversee state security.
16
Which of the following personalities were to be appointed by the President in accordance with PO No. 14 of 1985?
Answer:
All of these
PO No. 14 significantly expanded the President's appointive powers. Under this order, the President was granted the authority to appoint the Prime Minister, the heads of the armed forces, provincial governors, and the Chief Election Commissioner, centralizing executive authority.
17
General Zia-ul-Haq's Presidential Order No. 14 of 1985 gave the President the power to:
Answer:
Both of these
This order granted the President the critical power to dissolve the National Assembly at his discretion (Article 58-2b) and the authority to return legislation to the parliament for further review, fundamentally altering the parliamentary nature of the state.
18
The local bodies' elections during the Zia reign, which served as a precursor to national elections, were held in:
Answer:
1983
Zia held local government elections in 1983 on a non-party basis. These elections were intended to build a grassroots political base and test the political climate before proceeding with national and provincial assembly elections.
19
The term for local body institutions established during the 1983 elections was:
Answer:
4 years
The local bodies elected in 1983 were given a tenure of four years. This system of local governance was a key pillar of Zia's strategy to decentralize administration while keeping political parties excluded from the process.
20
Zia issued a referendum order in 1984, which resulted in a victory for him on:
Answer:
19 December, 1984
On December 19, 1984, a national referendum was held asking voters if they supported Zia's Islamization policies. A 'yes' vote was interpreted as a mandate for Zia to serve as President of Pakistan for the next five years.
